Summary Of The Power Of Home Gardens - 967 Words

ï ¿ ¼Austin Matzelle Ms. Martha Silano English 201 OAS September 27 2016 The Power of Home Gardens in America TEDxDirigo hosted Roger Doiron to provide listeners with his message: A subversive plot: how to grow a revolution in your own backyard. Throughout his talk, Doiron passionately explains to listeners how growing a backyard garden can help someone retake control over an aspect of their life. Their food supply. â€Å"Food is a form of energy, it’s what our bodies run on. But it is also a form of power.† (Roger Doiron) Doiron believes that when people venture into building their own gardens, they gain control over their own diets, health, and pocketbooks. He alludes to how citizens taking this power subversively undermine the power of corporations usually in charge of the general populations health and food needs. â€Å"We are in the midst of an obesity epidemic ... and in a parallel world we see that hunger is on the rise.† (Doiron) The next angle Doiron takes is attacking the major problems our planet is facing. The obesity rates in many countries has been steadily rising, yet hundreds of millions are malnourished. Our planet’s resources are also dwindling, the amount of land we can grow on, our water supply, and even the genetic diversity of the plants we consume are all under attack due to the inflation of human populations. Matzelle 1 ï ¿ ¼With our resources under attack, and many eating too much or too little food, Doiron has faith that individuals gardening can create aShow MoreRelatedExample Policy Brief: Water Use in Perth1554 Words   |  7 Pages| Reducing Domestic Water use in Residential Gardens| Issue and Stakeholder Briefing| | | | To the desk of Hon. Bill Marmion. Minister for Water and Environment This policy brief brings to light the issue of household water consumption in Perth, particularly the need to examine the potential for large scale water savings in the domestic sphere. Domestic water use is nearly double that of Melbourne and Brisbane, whilst local water supplies are critically low. This brief summarises theRead MoreEssay about Aussie Pooch Mobile Swot1301 Words   |  6 Pageswill expand. APM will also bring awareness to its services by making use of the recommended promotional activities Summary of our Past and Current Situations Aussie Pooch Mobile is Australia’s largest mobile dog wash company; they provide this service by taking it to their customers’ homes directly and saving them the stress of having to take their dogs to a basic home garden for a wash. Australia has a population of 19.3 million (2001), there were about four million domestic dogs and approximatelyRead MoreThe Homeless: Discarded Like Garbage1052 Words   |  5 Pagesdistrict with a multitude not receiving the help they need for housing, mental illnesses and various other problems. A solution has been proposed for a suburb tucked in the mountains in the San Fernando Valley called Kagel Canyon, where the Hope Gardens Family Center intends to temporarily house homeless women and children at their facility for two years. This has led residents of Kagel Canyon to oppose the project (Covarrubias). Although citizens of Kagel Canyon believe that a homeless center wouldRead MoreWhat Is the Difference Between Data, Information and K nowledge?996 Words   |  4 Pagesacquisition of information through education or experience. In simple terms, knowledge is ‘what we know’. It is the information that we have retained in our brain. For example, in everyday life it could be how we like to eat our cereal or the fastest way home after work; or in the world of business, it could be knowledge of market and when and where products sell best. A toy company for example, know that in the run up to Christmas they will sell more toys than any other time of the year. This knowledgeRead MoreEssay on Summary of Education Book by Ellen G White1479 Words   |  6 PagesSummary Education is needed in the life of the people of God. True education means more than a preparation for life that is now. It has to with the whole being and with the whole period of existence possible to man. It is the harmonious development of the physical, mental, and spiritual powers. The world has many great teacher but God stands higher than them which is the real soiuce of knowledge. The holy scriptures are perfect standard of truth and should be given the highest place in educationRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Hamlet - Hamlet1083 Words   |  5 Pagesconsumes him thanks to the circumstances). Has a desire to bring justice to those that have done him wrong. Claudius (Antagonist): Hamlet’s uncle and stepfather. Marries Queen Gertrude after murdering his brother, to Hamlet’s disgust. Hungry for power, Claudius’s actions portray questionable morals, but he shows signs of remorse later in the play. Horatio (Protagonist): Loyal to Hamlet until the very end, Horatio aids Hamlet throughout the play, appearing to be his best intentioned friend. WhenRead MoreSummary On The Underground Railroad1492 Words   |  6 PagesSummary of The Underground Railroad Discussion: For the 45 minute Underground Railroad discussion period, I plan to distribute index cards (ideally two per person/team) with guiding questions. I then plan to designate about seven minutes for each person/team to think about answers to the questions. Finally, each person/team should lead the group in the discussion of their questions. The broad questions at the end of this document will be used during any extra time following the group discussionRead MoreThe Insecticidal Potential of Chili Pepper Leaf Extract Against Termites1572 Words   |  7 PagesInsecticides often are used on a large scale. Low-flying airplanes and helicopters treat fields, forests, and swamps with insecticides. Large power- driven sprayers protect orchards. Gaseous insecticides, called fumigants, are used in enclosed spaces, such as grain warehouses, ship, and airplanes. In homes, people use spray guns and aerosol bombs to kill pests. In small gardens, hand-held applicators are used to spray or dust insectici des on plants. Some of the older insecticides come from minerals and plantsRead MoreThe City Of The House1479 Words   |  6 Pagessequence of architecturally framed planes against a backdrop of an alluring glimpse of the garden beyond. From this dominant position, the master of the house appeared to control the boundaries of his home. (Figure 13) Most of the activity took place in the atrium. Ancestral portrait masks and household gods were familiar sights. There was often a loom for spinning and weaving to show guests that the matron of the home worked with wool and was therefore of exemplary character, a credit to her husband.Read MoreCultural Awareness. In This Paper, The Socio – Cultural1256 Words   |  6 Pagesculture are explained. Third, a detailed examination of the common cultural characteristics of Iran are presented. Specifically, the physical geography, military and conflict history, weather analysis and civil consideration with more emphasis on ‘power’ are discussed in detail. Culture and its Meaning Culture, a term used frequently, can be used to represent a multitude of aspects of a society, a region or a country. Typically, culture is defined as the ‘complex whole of a society’. The complex

The Battle Of Gettysburg Was The Turning Point Of The...

The Battle of Gettysburg was the turning point of the American Civil war. General Robert E. Lee was the commanding officer of the Confederate army. During the battle of Gettysburg Lee’s military strategy was to fight offensive. Lee’s goal during the battle was to seize the high ground and out last the union army. The Union army had outnumbered the Confederate soldiers. General Lee’s first hand man was General James Longstreet. Longstreet believes the new technology in warfare would make attacking the Union army bloody for the Confederate soldiers. Longstreet suggests to Lee that defensive warfare tactics such as using trenches and rocks for cover and concealment would be the Confederacy’s best fighting chance. Lee denies Longstreet’s ideas and continued with the plan to fight out in the open and attack the enemies head on. After three days of fighting the Confederate army lost the battle at Gettysburg. Lee’s tactical approaches that led to th is lost included the lack of communication and the absence of and with General J.E.B Stuart, Lee’s continuation to pursue offensive attacks and Pickett’s charge. General J.E.B Stuart is the cavalry leader assigned by General Lee to recon the movements of the Union army. Stuart rode too far north and was absent for most of the battle. Lee was left with no Intel on the Union army and was fighting in unfamiliar Northern territory. With no information about the movements of the Union army or the surrounding area strategic planning wasShow MoreRelatedThe Battle Of Gettysburg : Why Was It A Turning Point?1361 Words   |  6 PagesThe Battle of Gettysburg: Why Was It a Turning Point? â€Å"Death created the modern American union, not just by ensuring national survival, but by shaping enduring national structures and commitments. The work of death was Civil War America s most fundamental and most demanding undertaking†Ã¢â‚¬â€ Drew Gilpin Faust. Death in the Civil War was indeed a principle in creating the America we know and love today. This was the bloodiest war in United States military history. Within the war was the Battle of GettysburgRead MoreThe Battle Of Gettysburg And A Website Article From The New World Encyclopedia1320 Words   |  6 PagesThe battle of Gettysburg is seen today as the turning point of the war, and after the analysis of these historical documents its clear why the bloodshed at Gettysburg was as significant as it was being able to turn the tides of the war. Two sources that are going to be used in this are a website article from History.com: â€Å"Battle of Gettysburg† and a website article from the NeW World Encyclopedia: â€Å"Battle of gettysburg†. These sources will be analyzed by their origin, purpose, content, value andRead MoreThe Battle Of Gettysburg As A Turning Point Of Civil War1048 Words   |  5 Pagesquestion: Why was the Battle of Gettysburg considered a turning point of Civil War and what are the economics impacts of the event during the time? I. Introduction This purpose of this paper is to show why the Battle of Gettysburg was considered a turning point in Civil War and what are the economics influences of the outcome during the time of the event. The influences on both North and South’s markets are studied and will be shown whether any changes were made during the turning point. II. BodyRead MoreThe Battle Of Gettysburg : Why Was It A Turning Point?1272 Words   |  6 PagesThe Battle of Gettysburg: Why Was It a Turning Point? War is truly like hell. There is no doubt that any war is an evil one. It is the greatest catastrophe that can befall human beings. It brings death and destruction, merciless slaughter and butchery, disease, starvation and poverty in its wake. Though war brings all kinds of trouble, sometimes it can save a country. In 1861 a Civil War broke out in America. It started because of uncompromising differences between the free and slave states overRead MoreThe Battle Of Gettysburg And Civil War1375 Words   |  6 PagesThe Battle of Gettysburg occurred July 1-3, 1863 in and around Gettysburg, Pennsylvania and was one of the most significant battles of the American Civil War. Union forces of the North, commanded by Major General George G. Meade met and fought the Confederate forces of the South, commanded by General Robert E. Lee. Many historians believe the battle was a large turning point in the Civil War in favor of the Union (Woodworth, 2008). However, this is disputable. The battl e was also significantRead MoreGettysburg : Turning The Tide1238 Words   |  5 PagesGETTYSBURG: TURNING THE TIDE Robert Harmon, Jr. American History to 1877 (HIST101) American Military University Dr. Kelly McMichael GETTYSBURG: TURNING THE TIDE One of the most epic battles of the Civil War occurred at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania in July of 1863. This battle was arguably the turning point of the war for the Union Army and signaled the beginning of the end for the Confederate Army. Over the course of what follows, the events leading up to the battle, an overview of the battleRead MoreEssay about The American Civil War: America’s Bloodiest War716 Words   |  3 PagesThe American Civil War, known as the War Between the States’ by some, was America’s bloodiest war. The Civil War consisted of over 10,000 battles between The Union Army of the North and the South’s Confederate Army, which lasted almost 4 years. The War was fought in 23 states and of the more than 10,000 battles only about 50 were major battles. (Weider, The Civil War, 1) In this paper the reader will learn about important dates of the war also about 4 of the bloodiest battles in the war; the BattleRead MoreThe Battle Of The Confederate Fo rces1233 Words   |  5 PagesThe battle began on July 1st, 1863 when Brigadier General John Buford met the Confederate forces just northwest of the town to slow their advances. General Buford and his troops successfully stalled the enemy until their reinforcements arrived. The Confederate reinforcements, led by Generals Hill and Ewell. The Confederacy forced the Union Army to retreat back through Gettysburg to the south of the town. There they joined the main Union forces led by Major General George Gordon Meade, who hadRead MoreSlavery And The Civil War1706 Words   |  7 Pagesitself cannot stand.† In the 1800s, the American nation was slowly becoming a house divided against itself. The United States were no longer united, mainly over the issue of slavery. In fact, many historians believe that, â€Å"From the nation’s founding, the issue of slavery threatened to tear the United States apart.† (â€Å"The Civil War† 1). The issue of slavery was alway s kept at bay through the utilization of various compromises; however a permanent solution was never sought after by the government. TheRead MoreThe Battle Of Gettysburg And The Civil War Essay1434 Words   |  6 Pagessmall town of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, was awoken to the beginning of what was to be the turning point of the Civil War for the Union. It began as a small skirmish, but by its end it involved so many Americans to which would become one of the bloodiest battles ever taken place on Unites States soil. The Battle of Gettysburg was not only a turning point in the war. From July 1st to July 3rd, 1863, the most famous and most important Civil War Battle took place in the small town of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania

Financial Analysis Strategic

Questions: 1. You have been asked to value a small company formed from a subsidiary of a larger firm that has been acquired by its managers. They are financing their purchase using a loan guaranteed against their personal real estate property. Discuss the issues you would consider and the models you might employ in such a valuation. 2. Option pricing methods provide a means of assessing the potential (2).lt risk of a company and the recoverability of its debt from the investors point of view. Outline the general methodology of default risk assessment using option pricing and compare and contrast this approach with those using conventional accounting measures 3. The financial performance of a business is dependent, amongst other things, on the good governance and the expert judgement of its senior management and executive team. Discuss the extent to which this statement reflects your understanding of the good corporation. Answers: (1). In order to value the business of a company for the purpose of acquisition several methods have been provided in the Accounting Standards. Valuation can be done by price to earnings ratio (PE ratio), price to book ratio (PB ratio) or price to sales ratio (PS Ratio). According to (Marpe, et al. 2015) the purchasing company is required to follow the rules and principles laid in the International Financial Reporting Standards for determination and recognition of the purchase consideration. The given case is about valuation of a small company which was acquired by the manager of a larger firm using borrowed fund against the personal real estate property. Generally, the mode of financing the purchase consideration is by way of issuing stocks and securities though in the given case it is by way of loan fund (Chang 2015). The issues that may arise in the case of acquisition are as follows: The financial performance of the vendor company is to be analyzed and evaluated on quarterly or annual basis if available and to verify if the financial statements are audited and the period of audit (Evans 2015). To analyze the key financial ratios of the company is to be determined in order to evaluate if the ratios are meeting the standards of the relative industry (Furlan, Oberhofer and Winner 2015). These ratios can be capital ratios, current ratios, price earnings ratios, etc. Due diligence of the liabilities of the company in respect to long term loans and advances, borrowed fund, payment of interests thereon, payment of principal installments, contingent liabilities and the security or guarantee provided for such loan (Ao and Collins 2015). Due diligence should be carried out for the mortgaged property against the borrowed fund. It is required to be verified the ownership of the property, value of the property, legalization in the ownership etc along with the verification on the period of loan taken and installments due on such loan (Ben-David, Drake and Roulstone 2015). Another important aspect of due diligence is to analyze the assets of the company. Depreciation charged on such assets, any floating or fixed charge created on the assets of the company, conditions of the underlying assets and parity of market or fair value of assets with that of the recognition made in the books of accounts should also be checked (Ao and Collins 2015). Goodwill valuation is one of the important issues to be considered in the process of acquisition of business. The amount of goodwill already appeared in the financial statements is not considered instead it shall be determined as per the principles on valuation of Goodwill in IFRS. Goodwill is evaluated by considering future maintainable profit and intrinsic value of the company (Ben-David, Drake and Roulstone 2015). Other issues that are to be considered for acquisition are technology or intellectual property of the target company, present clients, third party confirmation in case of companys indebtedness are some of the relevant aspects (Scharf 2015). Apart from the issues mentioned above, there are few models defined in the accounting standards for the purpose of valuation. First method that can be used is price earnings ratio (PE Ratio). In this method the value is derived by dividing the current ordinary share price of the vendor company by the earnings on per securities (EPS). This ratio is used to evaluate if the target company is overvalued or undervalued as compared to the industrial standards (Ben-David, Drake and Roulstone 2015). Another method that can be used is price to book ratio (PB Ratio) or determination of net asset value of the company. This ratio is derived by measuring the organizations total assets with total liabilities and thereafter dividing the same by current share price of the company. This method is appropriate for the companies having real estate or other similar high valued property which concludes that if the ratio is less than one it means the target company is undervalued as per industrial standards and vice versa (Scharf 2015). Another important model that can be used is price to sales ratio which is used for the companies planning to enter into turnaround business strategy. This ratio is measured by dividend the current price of the companys securities by revenue generating per securities or total revenue generated by the company in current financial year. The over or under valuation determination is to be measured by comparing the industrial standards (Ben-David, Drake and Roulstone 2015). Apart from the above mentioned models, valuation can also be done by using discounted cash or dividend model, measurement of synergies for the purpose of payment of consideration, or other price multiples depending on the capital structure and payment method applying by the companies as per the agreed terms and conditions (Ao and Collins 2015). (2). Default risks means the uncertainty involved in an organizations ability to repay or meet the obligations lying with it. Since, long time many accounting experts and researchers are involved in determining the default risks involved in the organizations because the cost of failure whether direct or indirect are affecting the entire business industry. Upon research studies it was concluded that there exists two important methods of assessing the default risks of the company, credit scoring model and structural model. The credit-scoring model identified by Robert Merton and using the same for analysis of probability of default risk using a theory called option theory (Bennett, Gntay and Unal 2015). General methodology of option theory for the assessment of default risk is using the equity as an option call on the companys assets which states that the equity share holders of the enterprise have the right to buy the shares or assets from the debtors and not the obligation (Hatchondo and Martinez 2015). For this analysis the researchers required several assumptions and other factors like interest free rate of return of the company, market premium rate of the company etc. The advantages of using the option pricing theory over other theories in determining the default risks is that this theory reflects the information of market using the equity stocks of the firm while the hardships of the option pricing theory is using the number of unrealistic assumptions that are required to present and evaluate the model. Another model that was used for assessment of default risk was traditional approach or conventional accounting techniques. In this approach, the accounting expert or researchers pre- identify the factors and elements of financial statements of the enterprise, which indicates the performance in terms of its size, leverage, liquidity, profitability, cash and cash equivalent adequacy, efficiency, investments and financing adequacy (Crpey 2015). The traditional approach in credit score model has the limitation in respect to probability distribution resulting in errors in accuracy of the computations as this approach is conducted by considering the accounting variables that are dependent on one or more factors. Hence, in order to get the accurate and correct results for the measurement of the required ratios, the researchers need to use the correct dependent variables as per the organization and industrial norms that were quite difficult to obtain. On comparing the two techniques in measuring the default risk as per credit scoring model it can be said that the options pricing technique is a methodology that is used the accounting experts in the modern accounting technique using the most vital factor Equity. Whereas the conventional or traditional technique used the dependant variable of accounting factors in respect of elements of financial statements for the comparison between the relative industrial standards (Bessis and O'Kelly 2015). The results obtained in this technique was not accurate and error free hence it was difficult to measure the actual level of default risk in the company that was quite less in case of option pricing technique as the main factor used is the Equity of an entity as per the current market norms. (3). Good Corporation in the world of business and entrepreneurship helps to build, design, set, measure the compliance programs and ethical values along with the measurement of benchmark and assessment so that the business can take place in regular and smooth way. There are number of factors on which the performance of an enterprise is dependent and those are good corporate governance, management decision and performance of executive team apart from the regular production and sales of the products and services of the business (Grant 2015). Compliance of corporate governance is one of the important jobs that is required to be complied by all the organization in order to run the business efficiently and effectively. According to the norms in rest to the corporate governance, an enterprise is required to conduct its business for the benefit and advantage of its stakeholders rather than with only profit earning objectives. The framework of the corporate governance states that the business should be conducted to maintain the transparency, accountability and fairness responsibility of which lies to the management and board of directors of the organization (Revelli and Viviani 2015). Moreover, Good Corporation is also dependant on the judgments and decisions taken by the board of directors and management of the company. According to the provisions of the corporate laws, there are certain business deals that are exclusively conducted only with the decision taken by the board of directors. On the other hand, there are certain other business decisions that are mutually agreed and conducted by the management judgment and decision. Further, any business entity is required to follow the rules and principles of International Financial Reporting Standards for the purpose of recognizing and recording transactions in the books of accounts and financial statements (Call, Nyberg, Ployhart and Weekley 2015). It is very important and the responsibility of the management that the financial statements of a company show true and fair view for the users of the financial reports so that they can take a fair decision for the purpose of investment or any other business events in the respective company. it is the duty of the management to get the accounts of its company audited from time to time so that it can abide by the laws and regulations of the corporate laws as well as accounting standards. Apart from the compliance of corporate governance and responsibilities of the management, work of executive team of the organization is also vital. No business can be conducted without the man- power. Hence, executive team plays an important role in conducting a good corporation and for its growth and sustainability. There are two types of man- power generally hired by the organization- blue collared and white collared. Apart from the directors and management team, employees are also responsible for the part of work delegated to them in order to have a good corporation (Grant 2015). Responsibility of performance of their work on allocated time- frame, accuracy of work, performance of work, in compliance to the required rules and principles are some of the responsibilities of executive team. Hence, the duty and responsibility of Good Corporation does not lie only on the management and directors of the company but also on the work and loyalty of the executive team of the company. Reference List: Aad, G., Abbott, B., Abdallah, J., Khalek, S.A., Abdinov, O., Aben, R., Abi, B., Abolins, M., AbouZeid, O.S., Abramowicz, H. and Abreu, H., 2015. Measurement of differential J/ production cross sections and forward-backward ratios in p+ Pb collisions with the ATLAS detector.Physical Review C,92(3), p.034904. Ao, X.P. and Collins, R., 2015, June. A rational approach to the acquisition, valuation and holding of assets. InEngineering Technology, Engineering Education and Engineering Management: Proceedings of the 2014 International Conference on Engineering Technology, Engineering Education and Engineering Management (ETEEEM 2014), Hong Kong, 15-16 November 2014(p. 471). CRC Press. Ben-David, I., Drake, M.S. and Roulstone, D.T., 2015. Acquirer valuation and acquisition decisions: identifying mispricing using short interest.Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis,50(1-2), pp.1-32. Bennett, R.L., Gntay, L. and Unal, H., 2015. Inside debt, bank default risk, and performance during the crisis.Journal of Financial Intermediation,24(4), pp.487-513. Bessis, J. and O'Kelly, B., 2015.Risk management in banking. John Wiley Sons. Blanc, S.M. and Setzer, T., 2015. Analytical debiasing of corporate cash flow forecasts.European Journal of Operational Research,243(3), pp.1004-1015. Byun, Y.H. and Chun, S.H., 2015. Green Management Activities of Construction Companies and Strategic Implications for Sustainable Growth.à ¬Ã†â€™Ã‚ Ãƒ ­Ã¢â‚¬â„¢Ã‹â€ Ãƒ ­Ã¢â‚¬ ¢Ã¢â€ž ¢Ãƒ ¬Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã‚ °Ãƒ ªÃ‚ µÃ‚ ¬,33(6), pp.171-176. Call, M.L., Nyberg, A.J., Ployhart, R.E. and Weekley, J., 2015. The dynamic nature of collective turnover and unit performance: the impact of time, quality, and replacements.Academy of Management Journal,58(4), pp.1208-1232. Chang, H.Y., 2015. An International Merger Acquisition Case Study-Marvell Acquires RDA Strategy and Valuation.Journal of Accounting, Finance Management Strategy,10(2), p.55. Crpey, S., 2015. Bilateral counterparty risk under funding constraintsPart I: Pricing.Mathematical Finance,25(1), pp.1-22. Dagiliene, L., 2015. THE INVESTIGATION OF FINANCIAL REPORTSCOMPLEXITY IN LARGE COMPANIES.Economics and Management, (14), pp.28-32. Della Seta, M., Morellec, E. and Zucchi, F., 2015.Debt Structure, Rollover Traps, and Default Risk. Working Paper. Espahbodi, H., Espahbodi, P. and Espahbodi, R., 2015. Did Analyst Forecast Accuracy and Dispersion Improve after 2002 Following the Increase in Regulation?.Financial Analysts Journal,71(5), pp.20-37. Essen, M., Carney, M., Gedajlovic, E.R. and Heugens, P.P., 2015. How does Family Control Influence Firm Strategy and Performance? A Metaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Analysis of US Publicly Listed Firms.Corporate Governance: An International Review,23(1), pp.3-24. Evans, J.A., 2015.The influence of national culture on the value creating ability of organizations combined from an international merger and acquisition(Doctoral dissertation, UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND UNIVERSITY COLLEGE). Furlan, B., Oberhofer, H. and Winner, H., 2015. A note on merger and acquisition evaluation.Industrial and Corporate Change, p.dtv033. Geng, R., Bose, I. and Chen, X., 2015. Prediction of financial distress: An empirical study of listed Chinese companies using data mining.European Journal of Operational Research,241(1), pp.236-247. Grant, R.M., 2015.Contemporary Strategy Analysis 9e Text Only. John Wiley Sons. Gudmundson, D., Tower, C.B. and Hartman, E.A., 2015. Strategic implications of data gathering activities in small firms: A comparison between family and nonfamily firms.Journal of Small Business Strategy,12(1), pp.19-29. Hamad, K. and Ko, Y.G., 2015. Effect of roll speed ratio on microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of 0.18 wt% carbon steel deformed by differential speed rolling.Materials Letters,160, pp.213-217. Hatchondo, J.C. and Martinez, L., 2015. Debt dilution and sovereign default risk.Available at SSRN. Kunz, L.M., Normand, S.L.T. and Sedrakyan, A., 2015. Metaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ analysis of rate ratios with differential followà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ up by treatment arm: inferring comparative effectiveness of medical devices.Statistics in medicine,34(21), pp.2913-2925. Lee, J., 2015. China's Economic Slowdown: what are the Strategic Implications?.The Washington Quarterly,38(3), pp.123-142. Li, H.Y., Zhao, Q.B. and Qu, H.C., 2015, September. The two-level analysis of disclosure of profit forecastsempirical evidence from IPO companies. InInformation Technology: Proceedings of the 2014 International Symposium on Information Technology (ISIT 2014), Dalian, China, 14-16 October 2014(p. 427). CRC Press. Marpe, J.S., Coyle, D.W., Kiene, B.P., Chestnut, G.P., Durocher, J.F., Adler, S.R., Farner, L.L., Pepper, R., Kim, R., Yammine, P.R. and Dangel, C.K., 2015.System, method, and article of manufacture for a merger and acquisition knowledgebase. U.S. Patent 9,123,011. McNeil, A.J., Frey, R. and Embrechts, P., 2015.Quantitative risk management: Concepts, techniques and tools. Princeton university press. McNichols, M.F. and Stubben, S.R., 2015. The effect of target-firm accounting quality on valuation in acquisitions.Review of Accounting Studies,20(1), pp.110-140. Ortas, E., Gallegoà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Alvarez, I. and lvarez Etxeberria, I., 2015. Financial factors influencing the quality of corporate social responsibility and environmental management disclosure: A quantile regression approach.Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management,22(6), pp.362-380. Parola, H.R., Ellis, K.M. and Golden, P., 2015. Performance effects of top management team gender diversity during the merger and acquisition process.Management Decision,53(1), pp.57-74. Revelli, C. and Viviani, J.L., 2015. Financial performance of socially responsible investing (SRI): what have we learned? A metaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ analysis.Business Ethics: A European Review,24(2), pp.158-185. Scharf, A., 2015.Mergers and acquisitions: an Oil Gas Equipment Sector case study Siemens' acquisition of Dresser-Rand(Doctoral dissertation). Smeulders, D., Dekker, H.C. and Van den Abbeele, A., 2015. Acquisition valuation: The role of information availability and rival bidders. Subramanian, U., 2016. Strategic Implications of Acquiring Information in a Distribution Channel.Available at SSRN.

Effective communication in health and social care Essay Example

Effective communication in health and social care Paper Communication: The imparting or exchanging of information by speaking, writing, or using some other medium. (Oxforddictionaries.com, 2015) Interpersonal interaction is a communication process that involves the exchange of information, feelings and meaning by means of verbal and non-verbal messages, between two or more persons. (Ismail, 2014)   Communication is the transfer of information between people. It involves a sender, who is sending a message, and a receiver, who is hearing or seeing a message. The way we transfer this information is by speech (verbal communication), signals such as sign language or picture boards (special communication) or writing (non-verbal communication). This may be the exchange of thoughts, messages, feelings etc. Communication involves verbal, non-verbal, and unspoken ways of making sure our message is heard. The unspoken ways include facial expressions, which are smaller signs of the larger message we are trying to get across. For example a smile can indicate approval, whereas a scowl could indicate disgust or disagreement. The process of communication can be made complicated by many things, such as language differences, cultural background, gender, education, special needs/disabilities etc. Communication is important as it plays a vital part in our survival. Our dependency on our ability to communicate is a very important factor in our survival and success as humans. for example a in a nursery a baby cries when it is hungry and needs to be fed. If this baby could not communicate with its nursery nurse then they would not know to feed it and therefore the baby would die of starvation. Another example is that humans communicate by warning each other of danger, like a teacher in a school telling a child not to eat something poisonous that they’ve found. If the teacher couldnt communicate with the child then the child may eat the poisonous thing and the child may need to have medical treatment with possibly terrible consequences. We will write a custom essay sample on Effective communication in health and social care specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Effective communication in health and social care specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Effective communication in health and social care specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Communication is the exchange of information between people. This information may be the exchange of thoughts, feelings, messages etc. The way we transfer this information is by verbal communication, such as speech, special communication, such as sign language or picture boards, written communication, such as letters, computerised communication, such as emails or texts, or non-verbal communication, such as body language, facial expressions, hand gestures, eye contact. Effective Communication Communication is not just speaking however, it is also engaged listening and being able to understand the emotions of yourself and the person you are communicating with. Sometimes what we try to communicate gets lost in translation despite our best intentions. We say one thing and the other person hears another thing, ending is misunderstandings and possibly conflicts. This is why effective communication is important, to avoid the possibility of this happening. Learning effective communication, using theories such as Egan’s SOLER theory, and Argyle’s communication cycle, can help you improve the communication skills that enable you to effectively connect with others, build trust and respect, and feel heard and understood. You will know that the communication is effective when correct understanding is achieved between the sender and receiver of the information of the emotion and intentions behind the information. Effective communication is needed for different reasons in different scenarios for different purposes. For example: In a workplace, the boss will use effective communication to establish and maintain good working relationships with employees. They will have to use effective communication to help understand how their employees are feeling and asses their needs. They will use effective communication to ensure they get their point across in meetings so that everybody knows their duties and where they stand within the company. Effective communication is also important in a workplace to ensure safety in the work environment, for example whoever is in charge of the health and safety of the workplace will have to effectively communicate so they the employees know what to do in dangerous situation, for example in the event of a fire, because if the communication is not effective, the employees may not understand what they have to do resulting in possibly disastrous consequences when a dangerous situation arises. Effective communication is vital for those who work in the childcare sector, as the practitioners need to build and maintain good relationships with the children, their parents, and possibly other relevant authorities (such as social workers, health visitors, police etc.) This is because it is imperative that everybody is provided with the necessary information that they need, so the communication must be concise and clear. The practitioners must communicate effectively in order to gain and share information about the child and discuss care plans. Without effective communication the practitioners cannot engage productively with each other, resulting in the child possibly receiving the wrong care, and the needs of the child may not be met. The child must also engage in effective communication with practitioners to ensure that we know what their needs are, and how they are feeling. They must feel comfortable with the practitioner and build mutual trust and respect in order for them to be cared for properly. In a care home for the elderly, the care worker must communicate with the elderly in a friendly and positive manner. If the care worker was walking around and sharply asking each person: ‘You want tea or coffee?’ it would seem rude. The behaviour would come across as cold, disrespectful, and mechanical. The care worker should start off a conversation first, perhaps ask the person how their day is going, and then offer them a drink, giving them the options of the drinks available. This would give the elderly person the impression that the care worker is being friendly and doing the act out of kindness, not just carrying out a practical task of their job. either way, the person receives a drink, however the actions leading up to this determine how the person feels once the conversation has ended. You want to leave the person with the right feelings/emotions, and so ending the conversation in a friendly manner, such as saying have a nice day, shows that you value them. There are different types of communication, such as one-to-one or group communication, and different methods of communication that can be used, dependant on the setting in which they are going to be used in, and the purpose for communication. These are: Verbal When one person speaks and another listens. Used by care workers to find out information, responding to questions, provide support to others, reply to complaints etc. In verbal communication, the speaker analyses and interprets the information before responding, but not taking too long to respond. The communication cycle demonstrates that effective verbal communications consists of not only speaking, but engaged listening too. When practising good verbal communication, the conversation will be able to be continued with replies and obvious interest will be shown. When the communication is verbal its very important to make sure that you speak clearly and at a reasonable volume so that the person you are speaking to can hear what you say without feeling embarrassed if they dont understand. Another reason to speak clearly is so that a client can lip read if they need to. Non-verbal Communication without speech, such as facial expression, physical contact, hand gestures, eye contact and proximity. All of these contribute to how the message receiver interprets the message that the message sender is trying to put across. For example a care receiver may show the care giver, via body language and/or facial expression, that they are experiencing pain or discomfort, without the needs of speech/verbal communication. Similarly how if a care giver is within very close proximity of the person they are communicating with, it may give off the impression that they are being threatening, and make the person feel uncomfortable. Non-verbal communication can be very helpful to those with disabilities, as gestures and signs can be universal, however there can be problems if gestures are misinterpreted, not understood, or mean different things to different people. Nonverbal communication should reinforce what is being said, not contradict it. If you say one thing, but your body language says something else, your listener will likely feel you’re being dishonest. (Helpguide.org, 2015) Computerised Computerised communication is the use of technology for communicating with others, such as via email. Emails can be both formal and informal depending on their purpose. Using computerised communication provides a fast way of sending messages to others, that can be received within a matter of seconds, as opposed to posting a letter and having to wait days for it to be received/replied to. In addition to the speed, graphics, sounds and videos can also be exchanged via computerised technology. Computerised technology may be used in a doctor’s surgery to exchange information between a general practitioner and a consultant/hospital they are referring a patient to. A good advantage of computerised communication is that you are not face-to-face and therefore you have longer to analyse and prepare a response, whereas in face-to-face verbal communication you must reply relatively fast or you may come across as rude. However, along with the advantages of computerised technology, there are disadvantages too, such as if the person you are trying to communicate with via email, for example, is not trained to use computers, and problems can arise if information is not kept confidential. Written Written communication is similar to verbal, however it is written down on paper/on a computer. When using written communication the accuracy of what is written is extremely important. Formal records must be kept accurate and to date It must be correct and legible, as inaccuracies can lead to lead to complaints, incidents not being addressed, people being given the wrong treatment, or given the wrong information, which may lead to disastrous results which you can be held accountable for. Written communication could be used in a school, where the pupils information, such as parent contact number, home address, or any medical issues the school needs to be aware of, could be recorded and put on the computer systems. A strength of written communication is that there will always be written proof of what has been said. Special(Sign language, Braille, Choice boards) Special forms of communication such as braille, sign language and choice boards can be especially useful to those with sight or hearing difficulties, or foreign people. However there can be issues if both parties are not trained in the method. Special communication, such as choice boards, could be used in a school with disabled children, when the children are choosing, for example, what they would like to eat, but have speech difficulties. In this situation group or one-to-one communication could be used, depending on the circumstances. Sign language, such as British Sign Language or Makaton, could be used in a day care centre for people with hearing difficulties, to communicate in a wide range of everyday conversations. An advantage of special communication is that people that have any disabilities can still communicate with others and say what they want to say. An advantage of British sign language is that it’s not reliant on money or technology, as people can just use their hands. However, a disadvantage is that the person receiving the sign language message must be able to understand British sign language too, or there will need to be a translator who understands British sign language to translate the sign language to the person they are trying to communicate with. Formal Formal communication is used in many health and social care situations, as it is understood by the majority of people and usually doesnt create communication barriers in the ways which other forms of communication, such as informal language, might do. Formal communication shows respect to the people you are communicating with. When someone enters a reception desk, for example in a day care facility, we expect to be greeted politely. If we were greeting with something like what do you want then it would cause offense and would be seen as very rude. However, the degree of how formal the language is differs between the situation in which it is being used in, and the care worker must adjust the way they are speaking depending on which situation they are in. If someone speaks too formally they may put the person they are talking to on edge and make them feel uncomfortable, but if someone is being spoken to too informally, then they may feel as if they are not being taken seriously or being respected. Informal Informal communication is used between people who know each other well, for example friends and family. Friends and family may use jargon between one another that others would not understand, therefore wouldnt be suitable to use with other people, such as slang words only used locally, which someone from another part of the country may not understand. Very informal language would be inappropriate to use in many health and social care settings, such as in a doctors surgery, as this would create communication barriers between yourself and the patient, and you may come across as impolite. For example, it would be acceptable when a patient enters a doctors office for the doctor to greet them formally, address them as Mr or Mrs, and shake their hand in a respectable tone at a volume that is not too quiet for the patient to hear, but not too loud that you are shouting at them. If, when the patient entered the room, the doctor said Alright mate hows it going? It would not be surprising if the patient was taken aback, and offended at the doctors speech. In addition to the use of informal language possibly being seen as impolite, using slang/jargon with someone from another country, who may not speak English as their first language, could also create language barriers between the two of you. The person may feel uncomfortable as they do not understand what you are saying and there could be misunderstandings and misinterpretations of what is being said. Another precaution that needs to be taken by care workers who work with people with special needs is how they word things, for example using phrases such as â€Å" pull your socks up† to mean something along the lines of ‘pull yourself together’, could be taken literally by, for example, autistic people, and this could confuse them a lot. For example: one-to-one verbal communication would be best suitable in a setting like a doctor’s office, between the patient and the doctor, as the conversation would be about one specific person and their problems/needs, and the doctor will be responding to just that one individual by prescribing a medication, or describing a solution to that person’s specific issue. The doctor may then use computerised communication to contact a hospital or consultant that they would like to refer the patient to, or to prescribe a specific mediation for the patient. One-to-one verbal communication would also be used in a setting such as a teacher/parent school meeting, discussing a specific child, as what the teacher is saying only concerns the parents of that individual child, or if the teacher is concerned about a student but it is not essential that the teacher speaks to the parent face-to-face, then they may use written communication to send a letter home, or use computerised communication to email the parent. Whereas, a setting where a group interaction using verbal communication may be more appropriate would be a group therapy setting, as the clients in the therapy session may be more likely to open up and express themselves if they are around peop1le of similar situations. In a group interaction, all participants must want to be involved for it to work. It is important that the correct emotional atmosphere is set, as sometimes people may feel threatened if they have to speak within a formal group of people, or they might stay quiet because they are worried about other people’s reactions. When speaking in a larger group of people, you should not discuss confidential information and/or problems about any of the participants that they may have shared with you in the past, unless they themselves bring it up and share it with the rest of the group. If one particular member of the group is not participating, it may be helpful to give them some gentle encouragement, however you must be careful that it does not seem like you are pressuring them to talk, and they only should if they feel comfortable doing so. Likewise, if everybody is talking at once people wont be able to listen properly and the communication is not effective. When communicating in a group it is important that everybody can see each other clearly. This is because being able to see each others facial expressions and body language plays a huge part in effective communication; an example of this would be all sitting in a circle facing each other. This is very important because it will develop a positive group feeling and people will be able to decode the messages in each others facial expressions and gestures. If people are sitting in rows behind one another, they cannot see each others facial expressions or body language, making the communication less personal and making the group communication, as a whole, a lot harder than it needs to be. Type of interpersonal interaction Explained Speech Speech is the verbal means of communication, consisting of how speech sounds are made (articulation), the rhythm of speech (fluency), tone, pitch and volume. The fluency of speech is very important in the care setting as hesitations or stuttering can affect communication as the other person may not understand you, as is articulation, such as children must learn to pronounce their r sounds, in order t say three not thwee. For example if a doctor was stuttering and their articulation was poor, the patient may mishear what the doctor is saying, for example their medication dosage, and may overdose as a consequence of this misunderstanding. When someone is unable to produce certain speech sounds correctly or fluently, or has problems with their voice, then they have a speech disorder. Language Language is different to speech. Language is made up of socially shared rules such as the meaning of words (like the word â€Å"right† can mean either correct, or the opposite of left.), how to put words together to make sentences, and what words are best in different situations, like if a nursery teacher was talking to a child they would use simple sentences with basic words, so that the young child can understand them. When a person has trouble understanding what others are saying to them, or sharing their thoughts, ideas, and feelings completely (expressive language), then they have a language disorder. Posture Your posture is an important part of communication, and can affect how you are perceived by others. An open posture expresses friendliness and positivity. In an open posture you will be sitting up straight with your feet spread apart, and the palms of your hands facing outwards. Your chest will be exposed (arms not crossed etc) and you will face the other person during conversation. University of Northern Iowa College of Business Administration notes that people with open postures are perceived as being more persuasive than those with other postures. (livestrong.com, 2014) Crossing your arms across your chest, crossing your legs away from someone, sitting in a hunched forward position, showing the backs of your hands and clenching your fists are all signs of closed posture, and may give the impression of hostility, boredom and detachment. Facial expression Facial expressions are subtle signs of the larger message we are trying to send. A simple smile can show approval and acceptance, whereas a scowl could portray the feelings of disgust or disapproval. Understanding facial expressions in very important in communication, as assumptions can be made about the facial expressions of the people communicating, possibly leading to misunderstandings. For example in a doctor’s office at the reception, if a patient is trying to make an appointment with the receptionist, and the receptionist is scowling at them, they may feel uncomfortable and as if the receptionist sees them as inferior. Facial expressions can also help communication, as over text things may seem rude or blunt, whereas if these things were said in person, with a smile on the senders face, the receiver would feel more at ease and that they are not meaning to come across as blunt. Touch Touch can be used to express empathy and understanding of another person. It can be used to show someone that you care and are there for them. For example if a nurse has to break some bad news to someone in a hospital, he/she may put their arm around the person to show that they are sympathetic and supporting them. Silence Silence is a good communication device when verbally communicating with someone. Leaving deliberate short silences can leave time for both parties to think about what has been said/what they are going to say next, and can improve the overall understanding of the conversation. For example if a teacher is telling off a child for someone wrong they have done, they may leave silences in between what they are saying, for the child to think and reflect on what the teacher has said, and what they would like to say next. The teacher may ask rhetorical questions to the child to prompt them to really think about what they have done, and leave silences after asking so that the child has time to think. Proximity Proximity can be both negative and positive when communicating. If someone is sittng very close to you it could portray intimacy and friendship, if you know the person well and have a good relationship with them. On the other hand it could be seen as threatening or intimidating, if someone you don’t know very well if talking to you very closely. This also depends on the context of the conversation and the other persons tone of voice. Reflective listening Reflective listening is the process of restating back to the speaker what they have said, both the feelings and the words. This is to allow the speaker to focus on what they feel and to show the speaking that you are trying to see things from their point of view, and to hear what they have said so they can focus on their feelings, encouraging them to continue speaking. Reflective listening does not involve introducing new topics or asking questions, it is used to help the speaker understand them and focus on their ideas. This is best used in counselling situations, as the counsellor can use reflective listening to make sure that the person they are counselling isnt just speaking constantly and rambling on, they can show to person that they are listening, and use filler words, like hmm to give the speaker time to think, and to show that the counsellor is paying attention. The counsellor could use words to encourage the speaker to carry on and elaborate on their feelings, helping the counsellor to understand the person and decide what actions to take/what to say to them, and helping the speaker express themselves and understand themselves more by speaking their feelings out loud.

Building a Compensation Plan

Building a Compensation Plan Introduction The aim of the paper is to design a compensation plan for the sales force of an engineering company that mostly entails in B2B sales. The company had posted high sales in 2006-07 but with the recession, sales had gone down.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Building a Compensation Plan specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Apart from declining sales another problem that the firm faces was attracting, retaining, and motivating the frontline sales team of the company. Therefore, a need arose in order to restructure the sales force compensation plan, which comprises the largest employee structure of the company in order to motivate and retain salespeople maintaining the budget of the company. Further, with economy showing a continuous slowdown, most companies are looking at revamping their compensation structure. The design of the compensation plan is for a B2B sales force. The sales people are the ones who are m ore aware and close to the customers than the company. In designing the sales compensation plan for a B2B sales force, the first step would be to identify the key responsibility areas (KRA) of the salespersons. Key Responsibility Areas One of the primary factors affecting the performance of a salesperson is his ability to be a good team player: â€Å"†¦good teamwork is a determinant factor in winning sales and building long-term partnering relationships† . Distribution of financial incentives to a sales team is a crucial concern among managers; therefore, one important decision for compensation planners is to decide (a) how much remuneration is to depend on performance, and (b) how the financial benefits should be distributed among the team members. For instance, distribution of awards can be based on either individual performance or the performance of the sales team. In order to decide on the type of the sales force, first the key responsibilities of the sales people mu st be ascertained.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The key responsibilities of sales people in the organization and their reporting pattern is delineated as follows: Primary responsibility will be to effectively utilize the company’s sales strategy and make sure that the revenue and profit objectives by creation of small, mid-size and large accounts. Generation of new customer accounts for the company is another primary task of the sales person. The salesperson will follows target oriented sales quota and he will be responsible to fulfill the quota through relationship building with customers’ and multi-level decision-makers through various sales strategies such as direct mailing, person-to-person interaction, direct phone calling, etc. Maintain database and MIS of customers and on field maintain a direct relationship and contact with the new and ol d customers. Understanding the requirement of the customers and generating a product proposal accordingly. Do market research on related products in the market and analyze what less the company is doing in its offering to the customers for which it may be losing customers. Reviewing of self-sales performance and assessing the difference between targets. Given these responsibilities of a sales executive in the company, the next step would be to design an effective compensation strategy for the sales executives, it is important to understand the KRAs of the position. Given the brief of the responsibilities of the sales force, the KRA that are to be looked at for developing a compensation plan are as follows: Building relationships in terms of new accounts Maintaining older accounts Meeting sales target. Based on these understanding of the sales executive job responsibilities, the compensation plan is devised. Compensation Plan Base Pay Based on the sales executive job responsibilit ies it can be deduced that the primary functions of the sales executive is to generate new accounts, maintain existing accounts, target the right organization, maintain close relationship with senior decision makers in the target organizations. Like of most sales force compensation plans, this plan to will be a performance based plan. The reasons for adopting a performance based compensation plan are to ensure that performance or the actual job done by the salesperson. The idea is to provide adequate compensation for the job they do and not just for the sake of employability. Most of sales compensation plans are based on a 30% base and 70% commission mix but this plan seems to be more tilted on a larger variable pay. Further, this variable pay is usually directly related to the generation of new accounts, overlooking the effort that is put in by the sales people to retain the older accounts.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Building a Compensation Plan sp ecifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Further, the company must also account for the experience the sales person has, as a more experienced sales person may want a larger base pay than a fresher may. Further, the external environment must also be considered while setting the base pay. In case of engineering company, it is a well-known brand for all kinds of engineering suppliers. Further, the market for engineering is highly competitive as there are other smaller and a few local brands that compete, and there is a high level of price competition. In such a case, the base salary for the salespeople cannot be pegged at a low rate considering the external environment. Therefore, the present compensation plan will fix the compensation based on experience of the sales person: Fresher (0 to 1 year): For someone fresh out of college, the compensation will be pegged at 30% 70% basis. Experienced Salespeople (1 year to 5 years): the base to variable ratio will be 50%- 50%. Highly experienced Salespeople (above 5 years): the ratio will become 60% 40%. The structure of the base salary will determine the overall expense and cost structure. The base salary should consider living expenses such as a food, housing rent, travel expenses, phone expense, etc. the minimum base can be set at $1000 to $3000 a month based on the experience of the salesperson. For instance, a fresher may have a base pay of $1000 while a person with 1 years of experience will have a base of $1500. The base will increase based on experience the salesperson puts in. Variable Pay The variable structure of the company will depend on the revenue objective of the overall company. Assuming that the company has a sales force of 20 people and a revenue target of $10,000,000, the quota for each salesperson to attain the target revenue is $550,000. Given this target, the sales people are differentiated into three groups based on years of experience. Table 1 shows the compen sation structure that is followed is proposed for the sales force.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The first component as discussed earlier would be the base fixed pay, which would be directly proportional to the years of experience of the salesperson. Therefore, higher the years of experience of the salesperson, greater would be the base pay or the fixed component of the salary. Table 1: Compensation structure of the Sales force Compensation Structure Revenue Objective $10,000,000 Uplift of 25% $12,500,000 Subtract CEO Sales $1,500,000 $11,000,000 Sales People 20 Quota $550,000 Compensation for a Sales Executive with 0 year of experience Total Compensation Base Salary 30% $12,000 Variable Salary 70% $28,000 Commission Rate at 100% Quota 5.1 Compensation for a Sales Executive with 1 year of experience Total Compensation Base Salary 50% $24,000 Variable Salary 50% $24,000 Commission Rate at 100% Quota 4.4 Compensation for a Sales Executive with 5 or more years of experience Total Compensation Base Salary 60% $36,000 Variable Sal ary 40% $24,000 Commission Rate at 100% Quota 4.4 The ratio of the variable component will again differ based on the number of years of experience. Based on the amount of total variable component for a salesperson, the commission rate is determined. The commission rate is determined by dividing the variable pay of the sales person by the target quota of the salesperson multiplied by 100. This commission rate determines the amount of the variable sales of the individual. This will help determine the fixed and variable component of the salesperson. Therefore, the compensation plan shows higher fixed income as the salesperson puts in more years of experience. Further, the sales quota incentive also increases with number of years of experience. Apart from this, a separate incentive is provided for generation of new accounts to the salespeople. Table 2 shows that there will be different levels of incentive schemes for the stipulated number of new accounts generated. Table 2: Sales Commission for New Account Development New Account Generation Incentive 1 5 $1,000 4 10 $2,000 7 20 $4,000 11 30 $6,000 14 40 $8,000 Conclusion Therefore, the total salary of the sales person will be determined by the following: Salary = Base Pay + Variable Pay + Incentive for new account generation The compensation plan suggested for the sales force considers both the internal and external factors for the generation of the compensation plan as well as looks into the main KRAs that determine the job responsibilities of a sales person. The salespeople compensation plan is robust in its approach and provides adequate incentive based on KRAs. References Segalla, M., Rouzies, D., Besson, M., Weitz, B. A. (2006). A cross-national investigation of incentive sales compensation. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 23 , 419-433. Wasserman, E. (2009, December 16). How to Set Up a Sales Compensation Plan. Web.

Biography of John Lee Love, Black Inventor

Biography of John Lee Love, Black Inventor John Lee Love (Sept. 26, 1889?–Dec. 26, 1931) was a black inventor who developed the portable pencil sharpener, which he patented in 1897. Not much is known about his life, but he is remembered for two inventions, the other being a plasterers hawk, which works much like an artists palette for a plasterer or mason. In the pantheon of African-American inventors, Love is remembered for devising small things to make life easier. Fast Facts: John Lee Love Known For: Inventor of the Love pencil sharpenerBorn: Sept. 26, 1889? in Fall River, MassachusettsDied: Dec. 26, 1931 Charlotte, North Carolina Early Life John Lee Love is believed to have been born on Sept. 26, 1889, though another account lists his birth year as sometime between 1865 and 1877 during Reconstruction, which would have put his place of birth in the South. Not much else is known about Loves early days, including whether he had any formal schooling or what prompted him to tinker with and improve certain everyday objects. We do know that he worked almost his entire life as a carpenter in Fall River, Massachusetts and that he patented his first invention, an improved plasterers hawk, on July 9, 1895 (U.S. Patent No. 542,419). First Invention The plasterers hawk traditionally had been a flat, square wooden board, about 9 inches long on each side, with a handle- basically, a post-like grip- that is perpendicular to the board and attached to its bottom. By putting the plaster, mortar, or, later, stucco on top of the board, the plasterer or mason could access it quickly and easily with the tool being used to apply it. The new design functioned much like an artists palette. As a carpenter, Love was likely well acquainted with the use of plaster and mortar. He believed that the hawks in use at the time were too bulky to be portable. His innovation was to design a hawk with a detachable handle and a foldable board made of aluminum, which must have been a lot easier to clean than wood. Portable Pencil Sharpener Another of Loves inventions, and one better known than the plasterers hawk, had a much wider impact. It was the simple, portable pencil sharpener, the predecessor of the small plastic device that has been used by schoolchildren, teachers, college students, engineers, accountants, and artists the world over. Prior to the invention of the pencil sharpener, a knife was the most common instrument used to sharpen pencils, which have been around in one form or another since Roman times (although pencils werent mass-produced in a form familiar to us until 1662 in  Nuremberg, Germany). But whittling a point on a pencil was a time-consuming process, and pencils were becoming more and more popular. The solution soon hit the market in the form of the worlds first mechanical pencil sharpener, invented by  Parisian mathematician Bernard Lassimone  on Oct. 20, 1828 (French patent number 2444). Loves reworking of Lassimones device seems intuitive now, but it was revolutionary at the time. Basically, the new model was portable and included a compartment to capture the shavings. The Massachusetts carpenter  applied for a patent for what he called his improved device  in 1897, and it was approved  on Nov. 23, 1897 (U.S. Patent No. 594,114). His design didnt look much like todays portable sharpeners, but it worked by a similar principle. The pencil was inserted into a conical sheath and was moved in a circle, causing the sheath and the blade inside it to rotate around the pencil, sharpening it. Instead of turning the pencil against the blade, as with todays portable sharpeners, the blade was turned against the pencil by the circular motion. Love wrote in his patent application that his sharpener could  also be designed in a more ornate fashion to be used as a desk ornament or paperweight. It eventually became known as the Love Sharpener, and his principle has been in continuous use since he introduced it. Legacy We dont know how many more inventions Love could have given the world. Love  died, along with nine other passengers, on Dec. 26, 1931,  when the car they were riding in collided with a train near Charlotte, North Carolina. But his ideas left the world a more efficient place. Sources John Lee Love  Biography: Inventor. Biography.com.John Lee Love: Inventor of the Portable Pencil Sharpener. KentagePage.com.Pencil Patents: John Lee Love’s Portable Pencil Sharpener. Pencils.com.

Awareness of Otherness Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Awareness of Otherness - Essay Example It has become increasingly important for individuals to learn to interact with people belonging to culturally, socially and politically diverse backgrounds in order to become global citizens. Such interactions help in developing a broader mindset which is tolerant towards diversity. Interactions with people from diverse backgrounds help in our personal as well as professional lives, since it provides us an opportunity to learn about their different ideologies. A diverse society offers us an opportunity to interact with other people and connect with them. It helps us in understanding the social and cultural contexts to which they belong, and in the process contribute to our knowledge regarding different countries as well as their political, religious and cultural viewpoints. This leads to our overall cognitive development. Furthermore, such interactions help us in sharing of information and expanding our knowledge base and perspectives regarding different cultures. Also, the rise in s ocial networking has further expanded the scope for information exchange and blurred the geographical boundaries, thus enabling people from across the world to interact and communicate with each other. The era of globalization coupled with the internet boom has created an entirely new world, and has ushered in an era of global citizenship. It is of utmost significance, hence, for individuals to learn to interact and communicate with others in an effective manner in order to survive in this highly competitive and diverse world. Cross cultural interactions help us in learning about different cultures and encourages discussions - a phenomenon which is not likely to be experienced otherwise in a university or school setting. Learning about diversity through personal interactions helps us in becoming culturally tolerant and transforms us into respectful and responsible citizens. It helps in forming meaningful relationships with those around us, and offers interesting opportunities to lea rn about things which cannot be learnt through text books. Such knowledge gained through personal interactions with the people around us may further help us in our workplaces. Today, there are various multinational companies operating in different parts of the world, which are operated and managed by managers who are competent in interacting with and managing a culturally diverse workforce. Our experiences during the early part of our lives help in shaping our identities, which in turn pave way for our future growth. Managers and leaders of tomorrow need to be able to have a deep understanding of people and compassionate about the diversity around us. The fact that diversity enriches the social fabric of our societies has been reaffirmed over the years. However, such diversity also poses several unique challenges which in turn give rise to critical social issues such as racism and prejudice. As a part of a culturally diverse society, I strive to promote and support diversity and ref rain from activities that tend to fuel bias of any kind - be it social, racial, cultural, gender based and the likes. My experiences and interactions with people other than those belonging to the same social and cultural background as mine, have enriched me in more ways than one, and taught me to be tolerant towards those who are different. I use such experiences and apply them in my day-to-day life by behaving in a cordial manner with those around me, and

What Holes Has The Financial Crisis Revealed In The G8 Will The G20 Essay

What Holes Has The Financial Crisis Revealed In The G8 Will The G20 Fill Such Holes - Essay Example World’s wealthiest country; America was the major sufferer of this crisis. In fact many people believe that America was responsible for stimulating recent global recession. The unhealthy lending habits of American banks and the crazy life styles of American public have given momentum to the recent financial crisis. G8 and G20 are two of the major coalitions in the world at present. G20 was proposed by former Canadian Prime Minister Paul Martin in 1999 to deal with international financial matters. Sustainable development is the major theme of G20. It is also interested in solving global energy crisis, economic problems, demographic problems etc. Australia, Canada, Saudi Arabia, United States, India, Russia, South Africa, Turkey, Argentina, Brazil, Mexico, France, Germany, Italy, United Kingdom, China, Indonesia, Japan, South Korea and European Union are the members of G20. On the other hand the Group of seven (G-7) comprises Canada, Germany, France, Italy, Japan, United Kingdom and United states. â€Å"The G7 is often referred to as G8 because Russia fully participated in all but financial and certain economic discussions of G7 since the 1998 Birmingham summit†. Before the formation of G7, G6 was formed in 1974 by world's major industrialized democracies such as United States, the United Kingdom, Italy, West Germany, Japan and France. In 1975 Canada joined G6 and it became G7. Russia joined G7 in 1997 to make it G8. Since, its formation G8 contributed heavily to global economy. Fratianni, et al (2005) pointed out that â€Å"The world without G8 would be more brutish and riskier than it is now† (p.4). The recent financial crisis has unveiled many of the loopholes in G8 functioning whereas G20 stood well to the challenges raised by the recession. It should be noted that G8 consists of mainly European and American countries whereas G20 consists of countries from Asia also. It is often said that global wealth is currently shifting from America a nd Europe to Asia at present. This is evident from the fact that most of the prominent Asian countries escaped from recession problems whereas American and European countries are still struggling for survival. In other words, G8 failed miserably in tackling recession problems whereas G20 managed these problems well, mainly because of the contributions of Asian countries. This paper analyses the loopholes in G8 in tackling recession problems and the ability of G20 in filling that loopholes. What holes has the financial crisis revealed in the G8? Even though G8 countries are believed to be the wealthiest countries in the world, recent financial crisis has unveiled the loopholes in the governance of these countries. According to Fratianni et al. (2007), â€Å"Today, the G8 leaders are dealing directly with central question of how to build better global governance in both public and private sphere† (p.23). As a result of globalization, privatization is taking place at rapid pace in most of the countries. Moreover, governments in G8 countries are privatizing many of the publicly owned companies to stay away from the responsibilities of servicing the people. It is a fact that private capital is essential for the economic growth of a country. However, uncontrolled private capital in critical sectors may bring more harm than good. India like emerging economies is allowing private participation cautiously even though they are following mixed economic policies. On the other hand, China does not allow private capital in critical sectors even though they are doing everything possible to encourage private capital on all other sectors. G8 countries on the other hand allowing private companies to invest at will in all major industrial

Planning for the Chevy Volt Essay Example for Free

Planning for the Chevy Volt Essay Question 1 The nature of strategic decision making at a large complex organization like GM appears to be done without having a thorough plan outlay to the planning groups or the business development unit within the company. There were several areas that put the company into the situation of making inappropriate strategic decision. The project was initially proposed by top two managements. Due to lack of thorough analysis and plan, they could not convince other managers in order to pursue this Chevy Volt project. This implied the missing link of strategic leadership that should have been a transformational force. In addition, the shareholder’s wealth creation had not been properly addressed and the well-defined business plan had not been emphasized and communicated when decisions were made. This implied that the management’s responsibility and expertise were all taken for granted that put the company in the threshold of a gamble betting on the success of this project. The accountability of management was disappeared. Question 2 The external environment trends that favor this project were the rising oil price, economic slowdown that made people to be more cautious about spending, the falling costs of manufacturing lithium ion batteries that help make the car price become more affordable, and global warming concern together with going-green concept. The Chevy Volt project could help promote the CSR of GM, which is favorable to the image and brand. These trends had signified that the external environment had been changed. As a green concept car, the Chevy Volt makes a point as far as cost saving for users goes in context of rising oil prices. However, what is crucial also can be exemplified in context of sustainable development process that the Chevy Volt can impact. Limiting carbon gas emission in the backdrop of global warming and greenhouse effect can significantly present a wider socio-economic relevancy and impact. Question 3 Cost is the most critical hurdle in pursuing with Chevy Volt. The cost factor is unfavorable given that GM had already invested substantial capital for the development of lithium ion batteries. The relevant cause for that could be observed from top management who were skeptical of Chevy Volt project. When the EV1 hybrid model, a green concept electric car running on conventional fuel cell, was introduced by the company way back in the 1990s and did not succeed, such model was a crucial loss in term of resource and brand image. In addition, the missing link among the strategy planning, formulation and lifecycles were also another internal obstacle unfavorable for pursuing the Chevy Volt project. Question 4.a The strategic plans are based on how well the company analyzes the existing market situation, competitors and the market trend. The external environment analysis such as the macro and micro-economic factors should also be emphasized and properly addressed. The economic theory of demand and supply should also be brought in contention when making the decision and planning the strategy. The plan should be flexible enough to reflect the dynamic business environment when the revision and amendment to the strategic plan are necessary for business to gain competitive advantages over the competitors in a timely manner. Question 4.b The Chevy Volt project strategic plan was based on assuming that oil prices would continue in rising trends which could then be able to market the company’s electric car model and generate profitability. Thus, falling oil prices could negatively affect the potential success of Chevy Volt. Question 4.c When supply is relatively limited, while the demand can increase once the global economy recovers, it would be difficult for oil prices to remain low in the future. Rising oil prices demonstrates the typical economic basis of the law of demand, in which the price depends on the market equilibrium for a product. In addition, there are no substitute product as far as fuel goes. There is still no other alternative energy or technology that can match or surpass the oil in all aspects. Question 5: What will it take for the Chevy Volt to be a successful car? For the success of the Chevy Volt project, effective marketing strategy has to be formulated. Marketing aspects should capitalize on the internal and external forces that influence the products within the industry and against its rival for the competitive factors. As the Chevy Volt is a high-tech car, the external analysis from operational and business perspective should focus on the competitive structure of the industry and factors; such as, innovations, socio-economic and environmental impact that defines value added product and the opportunistic cost that comes with it. Thus, innovation in the development process of the car should be fostered as one factor to benchmark against competitors in the industry, which is critical for success for a profitable outcome and goals achievements. Part of it also should focus on the strategic marketing aspects that give the car and its salient feature to reach the people through advertisement and awareness created in that regard are interrelated and need to be present for the Chevy Volt to be a successful car. Last but not least is the price and related costs of Chevy Volt. The price must be affordable for target group of GM’s customers in order to boost the demand and achieve cost advantage over competitors in term of economies of scale, and the related maintenance cost and useful life of lithium ion battery must be reasonable enough to be able to convince target consumers to purchase the car. It is also suggested that the strategic plan has taken into account of effect of the capitalization on the capability and expertise the company has; effective strategic management of operational process and procedures; top management involvement, responsibility and accountability; collaborative approaches to leadership; cultural and structural upgrade of the corporate echelon and strategic management panel and process; careful analysis of the opportunities and threat; and the facilitation of a dynamic leadership culture. Question 5: How risky is this venture for GM? Launching this project is very risky for GM as it involved significant resources, time and capital investment. Given that GM has already exposed to potential bankruptcy, the success of Chevy Volt will be one of the critical factors affecting the possibility of GM to diminish the bankruptcy risk and boost the future cash flows. Question 5: What are the costs of failure? The cost of failure as far as Chevy Volt car concerns is huge and tremendous. Less involvement from the managers also brought to fore the cost and its effect to directly hit the company that brought it to the stage of total shutdown of its operations. Since the company has already been in the situation of potential bankruptcy, the Chevy Volt project that failed to impact the company strategic goals and its achievements posed the total effect of bankruptcy of GM and huge economic consequences as an aftermath, because the company is already on the process of huge public debt facilitated by the government to save itself from bankruptcy. Question 5: What are the costs of not pursuing the project? There are substantial costs and adverse impacts as far as Chevy Volt project concerns when it is not pursued at all. Example costs are the huge opportunistic cost lost in between; operational and business capability that went for a toss; marketing research that has not been capitalized effectively and efficiently for result outcome; change factor and organizational learning experience; cost factors in term of direct financial investments to investors, and stakeholders; resource accumulation; brand image and identity; corporation competencies that have not been capitalized; sustainable development plans; CSR; exposure to bankruptcy risk; and economic consequences.

Biography of Norman Washington Manley :: Essays Papers

Biography of Norman Washington Manley Norman Washington Manley was born in Roxborough, Manchester, on July 4, 1839. He was the son of Magaret and Thomas Albert Manley. He attended Beckford & Smith High school. Since his youth, Norman Manley began to show hints of greatness when it came to sports and intelligence, hints which manifested themselves when Norman Manley attended Jamaica College. Norman Manley set records and gained national attention in the area of Track and Field and later as the Jamaican political leader. Norman Manley was an exceptional athlete. His most impressive and memorable performance was a 10 second time in the 100-meter sprint in 1911. This record became known throughout Jamaica as â€Å"the even time.† His record stood for an astounding 41 years until Frank Hall broke it in 1952. That same year Norman Manley’s eldest son, Douglass Manley, eclipsed the record also. Norman Manley’s athletic greatness continued through the 1912 Class 1 Championships. Between 1910 and 1912, his college team won two championships, mainly because of Norman Manley’s contributions. During the 1912 championship year, Norman Manley had another awe-inspiring performance in the 220 yard run. His time of 23 seconds flat was very comparable to the previous Olympic times in the 200 meters. He was without a doubt one of the fastest College men in the World. Norman Manley went to study at Oxford University in 1914 after being awarded the Rhodes scholarship. The First World War broke out and he enlisted to become a gunner in the Royal Artillery and was eventually promoted to corporal. He was awarded the Military medal and went on after the war to study law in England. There he married his cousin Edna Swithenbank. They had two sons: Michael and Douglass. In 1922, Norman Manley returned to his homeland of Jamaica and became a much sought after lawyer. He holds the distinction of never losing a murder case he represented. By the late 1930s, a hostile air arose in Jamaica concerning taxes, labor strikes, and civil unrest. This would lead to Manley lending his aide to the workers and forming the People’s National Party. Norman Manley founded the People’s National Party (PNP) in September 1938, and was elected its president for 31 consecutive years until his retirement.

Laboratory Report on the Effect of Acid Rain

1. ProblemAccording to an article, Acid Rain, by Novi Meadows Elementary, acid rain occurs in many parts of the world, no matter the climate difference. It is harmful not only to non-living things but especially to living things. It can affect humans, sea life and forests. This is because when the surroundings become too acidic, some living things die, like fish. Acid rain is formed when the pH, which is the measurement of acidity and basicity, of water is lower than 5.6.In relation with this, the group would like to investigate the effect of acidity on different seed crops by varying the pH level of its surroundings.2. HypothesisThe amount of seed germination will decrease as the surrounding of the seeds gets lower pH level, or becomes more acidic.3. ProcedureThe effect of varying pH levels on the germination of three different seed crops, Triticum aestivum (Wheat), Phaseolus sp. (Mung Bean) and Zea mays (corn) were investigated. Each group counted 25 seeds and placed them in petri dishes. Next, 20ml of solution of desired pH level (1, 3, 5 and 7) were poured into the petri dishes containing the seeds. The seeds were then observed for seven days wherein morphological changes in the seeds were noted. At the end of seven days, the number of seeds germinated in the petri dish was counted and the percentage of seed germination was calculated. The data was then compared with the other groups.4. ResultsTable 1 below shows the data gathered from the experiment. From the table, it canTable 1. Percentage of seed germination of Triticum aestivum (Wheat), Phaseolus sp. (Mung Bean) and Zea mays (corn) in pH levels 1, 3, 5 and 7.pH level Percentage of seed germination Triticum aestivum(Wheat) Phaseolus sp.(Mung Bean) Zea maysbe seen that there was 0% seed germination for Triticum aestivum in pH levels 1, 3 and 5. This is because in highly acidic environments, the cells in the seed are unable to absorb the nutrients it needs to grow. In accordance with that, there was also 0% seed germination at pH level 1 for both Phaseolus sp. and Zea mays.At pH level 3, there was 12% seed germination for Phaseolus sp. and 4% for Zea mays. This means that the seeds of these plants can grow in semi-acidic environments. However, it can also be noted that at a less acidic environment, pH level 5, the percentage of germination for Phaseolus sp. and Zea mays increased to 60% and 12%, respectively. This probably means that the cells of the seeds of the two plants are able to absorb more nutrients in less acidic conditions.On the other hand, at pH 7, the seed germination of Phaseolus sp. and Zea mays decreased to 28% and 0%, respectively. Probably these two plants cannot properly absorb the nutrients needed in a neutral condition. Interestingly, though, it is only at this pH level that Triticum aestivum begins to germinate. This means that it is only at this point that the conditions for seed germination are favorable for the seed.According to the article, Soil Facts †“ It's What We Don't See That Counts, by FrostProof.com, different plants require different pH levels to properly absorb the water and nutrients it needs. This is probably the reason why the maximum percentage of seed germination for each plant was in varying pH levels: 16% at pH 7 for Triticum aestivum, 60% and 12% at pH 5 for Phaseolus sp. and Zea mays, respectively.5. ConclusionFrom the results of the experiment and as stated in the hypothesis, it was concluded that the amount of seed germination will decrease as the acidity of the surrounding increases. In relation to this, acid rain could inhibit the growth of plants especially if its acidity is too high.Works CitedFrostProof.com. â€Å"Soil Facts – It's What We Don't See That Counts.† FrostProof.com. 6 November 2007 Novi Meadows Elementary. â€Å"Acid Rain.† 2002. Oracle Education Foundation: ThinkQuest Library. 6 November 2007

National Identity Cards

Identity (ID) cards are known for their utility and integrity, which led to the adoption of its use by many countries all over the world. Some countries even have national IDs, which are officially released and which use is mandatory to all who sojourn in said territories. Examples of these countries that have a national ID system are France, Germany, Belgium, Luxemburg, Spain, and Greece. On the other hand, many developed countries such as Australia, Sweden, Canada, and the United States, did not adopt such an identification system. National ID systems are established to serve two main purposes. The first one is to increase the police powers of the State. Consequently, ID cards can help the State reduce crime rate, conduct social engineering, and reduce the threat of insurgents or political extremists. The second purpose is to establish a comprehensive and useful administration of government services. The technology behind modern ID systems, such as the magnetic stripes and the microprocessor technology, ID cards offer a valuable towards the more efficient delivery of government services. However, while it appears that having a National ID system may offer many advantages, such a system could also pave the way for abuses on civil rights, invasion of privacy, and discrimination. In addition, the establishment of such a comprehensive registration system, would entail a huge amount in costs, which is an important consideration to make. All of these considerations should be weighed in order to reach at an intelligent decision on the issue of whether citizens of the United States should be required to carry National IDs. Â   Â   Â   Â  

buy custom The Great Schism essay

buy custom The Great Schism essay The great schism is widely believed to be a great rift that separated the church into two, Eastern Orthodox and Western Roman Catholic, during the period of the great Roman Empire. Nonetheless, the term cannot be conclusively examined without studying the subsequent rift that occurred in the Roman Catholic and the resulting growth of the English and French empire as a result of this rift. There are many events which contributed to the great schism and there continues a lively debate on whether it could have been avoided. In addition, there are many players whose actions aided in the schism among them Pope Boniface VIII, Phillip IV and the Avignon Papacy. Above the people and events that led to the schism, there existed matters other factors like geography, doctrinal issues, political considerations and economical matters which provided a fertile ground for the great schism. Yet there were efforts through out history to reconcile the different factions of the church and these efforts still continue even to today. It is therefore possible to say that the major reasons for the great schism were political, doctrinal differences and the Avignon papacy. Phillip IV Phillip IV also known as Phillip the fair is one of the greatest French Kings to have sat on the French throne. But his greatness is not because of his possession of great virtue for he was not a virtuous king. He was daring and is regarded as having being capable of doing anything for the sake of increasing his wealth. His lust for money was so great that he ordered the kidnapping of the pope for his role in questioning the conduct of the French King. How did the French King aid in bringing about the second schism which tore apart he Roman church? Traditionally, the papacy seat was based in Rome which was the recognized capital of the Roman Empire. The term recognized has been used since one of the Roman emperors, Emperor Constantine, built hisown capital at Constantinople. However, Phillip knew the kind of wealth and power he could wiled if he could control the papacy and the entire church by extension. He was a man known to use the wealth of others for his own means and was ready to kill or imprison others to possess their wealth. Phillip schemed to have one of his allies installed as Pope. He did this by using his considerable power as a French King to have the Vatican appoint as many French cardinals as there were Italian cardinals. He then used bribery and threats to have Pope Clement V elected as pope even though Italians had wanted to have one of their cardinals elected. He then went out of his ways to convince the new pope that Rome was not safe for him and this resulted in the new pope refusing to take residence at the Vatican. Instead, he moved the papacy to Avignon and thus began a line of popes who did not take residence at the Vatican. Popes whose influences were greatly compromised by the French throne that the rest of the catholic world lost faith in the Avignon papacy and installed another Pope in Rome. Pope Boniface VIII Pope Boniface was the second the last pope before the papacy was moved to Avignon France in what has come to be referred to as the Babylonian Captivity. There is no doubt that the French King, Phillip IV, had a great part to do with the occurrence o the great schism. What moist might not realize is that his role might have resulted in the willfulness of pope Boniface VIII and his great criticism of the kings conduct. This led Phillip to order the kidnapping of Pope Boniface VIII where he was beaten up to the extent that he died only a few days after his escape. This after the pope had criticized the French King and called upon him to respect the supremacy of the Papacy over the sovereign power of kings. The ability of a king to ignore the rulings of a pope and have him arrested reduced the powers of a pope considerrably and increased Phillips power to influence the church in the future. This criticism might have made the French King decide it was better for him to avoid the election of another pope who would constantly try to undermine his power over country and church. Avignon Papacy The Avignon Papacy as mentioned in earlier parts of the paper refers to the period where the papacy resided in Avignon and not Rome. This paper has made it clear the circumstance through which the pope ended up serving at Avignon and this part looks at how this contributed to the great schism. Most non French cardinals were not happy with Clementss refusal to reside and preside at the Vatican. The Avignon Papacy also reduced most powers and privileges enjoyed by cardinals before then. This led the other cardinals to denounce the Avignon based papacy and elected one of their own as pope residing at the Vatican. This created a division in the Roman Catholic with people and nations aligning themselves to the pope who better served their interests. This was a period where different factions created separate doctrines and issues relating to the conduct of the clergy and the relationship of the state and church. While the Avignon Papacy came to an end a few decades later, the rift that was created in this period never fully healed and resulted to further subsequent splits in later years. Conclusion The great schism is credited with the split of the church and the several revisions in doctrines, church practices and the relationship between church and state that resulted. There are many who played a huge role in the schism that has not been mentioned here. But the politicians of the time had an immense role in the great schism at all stages. Only time will tell whether reconciliation is possible among the different factions of the church and if the great schism can be healed. Buy custom The Great Schism essay